








6 



CAMBRIDGE COPPER MINE. 


The Cambridge Copper Mine, which the undersigned, as agent 
for the owners is about to offer for sale, is situated in Guilford 
County, N. C., about 7 miles from the county town of Greens¬ 
boro, and 4 miles from Jamestown. The North Carolina Cen¬ 
tral Railroad runs within a half mile of the property, and a 
simple switch in connection with that road will give the mine 
all the advantages of a special depot. This close proximity to 
a railroad is very fortunate, and will he appreciated by all 
familiar with the labor, time and expense of hauling ores, coals^ 
&c., over country roads. 

There are about 200 acres of beautifully rolling land attached 
to and surrounding the mine, which with its numerous springs, 
its large and comfortable dwelling house, together with all the 
out-buildings usually found upon a farm of this size, form one 
of the most attractive places in that section of country. The 
south line of the tract is hut about 160 rods from the property 
upon the north side of the Gardner estate, where has been late¬ 
ly sunk a shaft which promises greater results for copper than 
any other yet opened at their mines. 

For the very favorable mineralogical character of the vein, 
particular formations of the surface, &c., &c., especial reference 
is craved to the exact and elaborate reports of Dr. F. A. Genth, 
of Philadelphia,‘and of Professor Ernest Haeusser, of this city, 
hereto annexed. 

It will he observed by these reports that a perpendicular 
shaft has been sunk to a depth of 84 feet, cutting the vein at a 



2 


depth of 75, and thence continued 14 feet more on the slope. At 
the bottom of this shaft levels have been driven, showing the 
vein beautifully developed and on an average 7 feet in width. 

“ Red and black oxide of copper, copperglance, indigo copper, 
copper pyrites, malachite, [green carbonate,] and chrysocolla, 
[silicate of copper,]'’ are the ores chiefly found in the vein. 
Barnhardite also, “ an ore which contains 46 per cent, of cop¬ 
per, and which has not been found at any of the other copper 
mines in the neighborhood of the Cambridge mine,” occasion¬ 
ally occurs. 

The copper pyrites are reported as “ very pure,” and a sam¬ 
ple examined by Dr. Genth yielded 35.46 per cent, of copper. 
“ This,” he says, “ will be the principal ore of the mine, and 
as it separates very easily from the associated minerals, it will 
not be difficult to send ore of a high per centage to market. 
During my presence at the mine,” he continues, “ a body of 
very rich ore was struck, which was a mixture of copperglance, 
malachite, and chrysocolla, and which yielded by assay 44^ 
per cent, of metallic copper.” 

In order to open the mine properly, and to dress up the ores 
to the highest per centage, the owners determined to procure 
the best machinery that could be had, and to that end ordered 
from the Messrs. Norris, of Norristown, Pa., a first-class engine, 
cornish pumps and crusher, all of the newest and most approved 
patterns. These are all now in place, having been erected un¬ 
der the supervision of an engineer sent out from the Norristown 
works for the purpose, and together with the ample dressing 
floors, water tanks, &c., &c., constitute as perfect an equipment 
as can be found in Guilford county. They are all under cover 
of a new building, 70 by 70 feet, put up in the most durable 
and substantial manner, and all very compact and convenient. 

In fact, strength and permanency rather than cost have been 
kept in view in everything that has been done. The superin¬ 
tendent writes in November, 1859: “I slight nothing, and will 
have as convenient a mill and as good a mine as there is in 
North Carolina.” 

These heavy and expensive improvements have exhausted 
the means of the Proprietors, and they are now compelled to 



. lb *11 


* * 



3 


ask aid from others just as they are near the fruition of their 
labors. Indeed ’tis seldom the case that private individuals 
have been willing to make so large an outlay, and take the en¬ 
tire risk of an enterprise of this sort, without the assistance of 
a Company. And such now is their confidence in the property, 
that it is only necessity which induces them to interest others 
with them. Under any organization, however, they intend to 
retain an interest which shall realize to them a portion of the 
benefits of the future development of the Mine. 

In order then that means may be raised to carry on the mine, 
they propose to transfer a charter, hereto annexed, and which is 
one of the most liberal ever granted by the State of North Car¬ 
olina. 

The undersigned has been authorized to receive subscriptions 
to the stock of the Company, which it is proposed to establish 
upon a basis which precedent seems to have fixed for proper¬ 
ties of a like kind. For One Dollar paid in, a certificate for one 
full share of the par value of Five Dollars will be issued, to the 
extent of one hundred thousand shares, which will carry with 
them the title in fee to the whole of the real estate and perso¬ 
nal property of every sort upon the premises, without charge of 
“royalty,” or other payment of any description. 

Such is the already complete and finished character of the 
Mine’s equipments, and such the appearance of the Vein at its 
present depth, that Professor Haeusser calculates that with an 
outlay in the Mine of less than $5,000, it will at once begin to 
yield a very handsome profit to the Company. “Sink 60 feet 
below the present level and then drive,” writes the Superinten¬ 
dent, in December last, “and I will show the best vein in the 
County.” 

To be beyond all contingencies however, and to have the nu¬ 
cleus of a fund always in hand, ’tis proposed to leave $10,000 
out of the subscriptions in the Treasury of the Company. 

The undersigned has taken some pains to have the property 
examined by practical miners, as well as by geologists, and is sat¬ 
isfied from their Reports, that this mine will prove quite equal, if 
not superior to any in its vicinity, and in this belief solicits sub¬ 
scriptions to its stock. 


4 


Specimens taken from the Levels where thej^ are now at work, 
can be seen at his office, and he invites the attention of Geolo¬ 
gists to them. 

E. G. PERINE, 

Agent for the Owners. 

Baltimore, March, 1, 1860. No. 24 South St. 

P. S. Mr. Haeusser notices in his Report a “disturbance in 
the rocks in the S. W. Level,” which he says “will at 100 feet 
deeper have disappeared entirely, or be at least of a very sub¬ 
ordinate nature.” 

This prediction has been already confirmed. The disturbance 
has been cut through since he made his report, and 8 feet more 
driven in that level, where the vein again appears 6 feet wide. 
Any geologist or miner will know how to appreciate the value 
of this discovery. 

This 8 feet added to the 96 given in Mr. Haeusser’s report, 
makes 104 feet from the Shaft in this S. W. Level. 


LETTER FROM THE IION. JNO. A. GILMER. 

House of Representatives, ] 
February 29th, 1860. j 

I am asked by Mr. E. G. Perine, of Baltimore, to state what 
I know iu relation to the Cambridge Copper Mine, in Guilford 
County, N. C., its title, and character for minerals. 

I have examined the title repeatedly, and know that to be 
good and unquestionable. The Company was legally and 
regularly organized according to the provisions of the 
Charter, in my office in Greensboro, N. C., and under my direc¬ 
tion. All this I am satisfied has been correctly done. 

This mineral estate is in the range and neighborhood of the 
Gardner Hill. Ever since I have heard of the property, great 
confidence has been expressed in its value for minerals. Until 
within the last few years, it was owned by a poor man, Daniel 
Russell, who could do nothing efficient with the property. 
Within the last few years, some prospecting has been made in 
the mine, and as I am advised with much cheer and promise. 

JOHN A. GILMER. 



5 


DR. F. A. GENTH’S REPORT ON THE CAMBRIDGE 

COPPER MINE. 

Guilford County , N. C. 

The Cambridge Copper Mine is situated in Guilford County? 
N. 0., between 6 and 7 miles S. W. of Greensborough, 4 miles 
N. E. of Jamestown, about 1J miles from the Gardner Hill 
mine, and half a mile from the North Carolina Central Rail¬ 
road, and embraces 200 acres of land, three quarters of which 
is cleared and partly under cultivation, including 30 acres of 
good meadow land, which cuts a large supply of hay, whilst on 
the other portion grows valuable timber. The improvements 
consist of a large and convenient cottage house, with out¬ 
houses, stable, cribs, barn, &c., and a tenant house for the 
farm, and about half a mile distant, and in the immediate 
neighborhood of the mine, of five habitable cabins with good 
chimneys, office, smith-shop, stable for four horses and barn, 
coal-house, shed-floor for the separation of ore, and a large 
shed 40 by 40 feet over a whim of 9J feet drum and 38 feet 
sweep. 

The geological formation extending over the whole tract, is 
what many geologists might feel inclined to call syenite or 
hornblendic granite, which however, on closer examination, 
proves to be a true Diorite, changing here and there into 
Amphibolite by the decrease of the feldspathic constituents. 

At least four veins can be traced over the property, three of 
which appear to run parallel and show the same mineralogical 
character, whilst the other, which seems to intersect them, is 
not sufficiently explored and developed to form an opinion on 
the same. 

The quartz of the parallel veins is of a greyish white color, 
not very vitrious, of a crystalline structure, and has frequently 
the impressions of Chalybite or Carbonate of Iron, which latter 
by the dissolving action of atmospheric waters, has been re¬ 
moved ; here and there it is associated with chlorite. It is 
obvious that veins showing such a great similarity in their 
outcrops, and having such a marked character, promise to yield 


6 


similar results. As only the middle one of these veins, which 
appears to he the largest, and which lies about 300 feet from 
the western, and 120 feet from the eastern vein, has been ex¬ 
plored, a fuller description of this may serve to form an 
opinion on the character of the two others. 

Its out-crop is very hold, and can be traced a long distance 
over the property. It strikes about N. 30° E. and dips at an 
angle of 30° towards East. This is the average dip which the 
vein has shown from the surface opening down to 76 feet depth, 
and the same which has been ascertained by repeated trials in 
the mine; it should he remarked however, that at the bottom 
of the workings it seems to become less horizontal. An open¬ 
ing made many years ago on the out-crop of the vein, gave 
such strong evidences of the existence of rich copper ores, that 
the former owners of the property, five years ago were induced 
to sink a shaft. This is located about 110 feet eastward of the 
vein, has a width of 5 by 8 feet, has cut the vein at about 60 
feet depth, and has been sunk to a depth of 76 feet. The water, 
which is rather strong, a favorable indication of a good vein, 
is raised by buckets. 

The vein itself has been developed by the shaft, the little 
cross cut towards the vein, and the workings done on the same 
for a distance of 10 or 12 feet, principally towards the North. 
The Southern end was, at the time of my visit, not sufficiently 
cleared out to form an opinion on the vein, although a consid¬ 
erable quantity of rich copper ore was visible. The Northern 
end of the workings showed the vein beautifully developed, and 
on an average five feet in width. The walls are perfect, and 
the salvage between the vein and botli the hanging and foot 
walls, consists of talcose slate from 8 to 12 inches in thickness, 
the latter carrying a considerable quantity of copper pyrites. 
The vein itself shows the quartz very much broken up and 
mixed with ores, so that it can he worked with great facility. 
The large proportion of carbonate of iron, which, as stated 
above, characterizes the three parallel veins, has disappeared 
and been replaced by more valuable ores. This is a fortunate 
circumstance, because this mineral, if it predominates in a copper 
vein, becomes sometimes troublesome, especially if it is mixed 


7 


with the copper pyrites, from which it cannot be easily sepa¬ 
rated mechanically on account of their specific gravities being 
nearly the same; whilst the advantage, which it may have as 
a flux, wouUl not outweigh the reduction in the percentage of 
copper, which would be produced by its presence. 

I have observed the following ores in the vein : Red and black 
oxide of copper, copperglance, indigo-copper, copper pyrites, 
malachite (green carbonate,) and chrysocolla (silicate of copper,) 
and auriferous pyrites. The auriferous pyrites occupies the upper 
portion of the lode near the hanging wall. A sample, which I 
considered a fair specimen to ascertain its value, was found to 
yield 4~ of gold in 2,000 pounds of ore, (which was about 
| pyrites and J quartz,) and panning of the detritus of the vein 
showed also only a trace of gold. I consider this small yield 
of gold a very favorable feature of the vein, because the pres¬ 
ence of this metal has been the curse of many a valuable copper 
mine, which would probably have been fully developed for cop¬ 
per and be in a paying condition at present, had not the gold 
constantly held out an inducement to make the mine pay its 
own way, and instead of investing the necessary funds in the 
same, has assisted to make a very nicely looking stock concern 
out of it, just the thing for a speculation. The iron pyrites, 
though it contains copper pyrites, is generally not so intimate¬ 
ly mixed with it as is often the case, and the latter ore, which 
predominates in the Cambridge mine, is often quite pure or 
even mixed with copper glance. I have examined a sample of 
the yellow copper pyrites which appeared to be free from copper 
glance, and found that it yielded 35^ per cent, of copper. 
This will be the principal ore of the mine, and as it separates 
very easily from the associated minerals, it will be not difficult 
to send ores of a high per centage to market. During my 
presence at the mine a body of very rich ore was struck, which 
was a mixture of copper-glance, malachite and chrysocolla, and 
which yielded by assay 44^ per cent, of metallic copper. 

From my observations and the examination of the veins on 
the surface, and the workings and explorations made on the 
middle one, as well as from a reconnoissance of the operations 
at the Gardner Hill mine, and the appearance of the ores at 


8 


that property, I do not hesitate to say, that the prospects of the 
Cambridge mine are excellent, and I consider the appearance 
of it at the present low depth of 76 feet, very encouraging, 
believing that with economy, the ores at the present depth will 
pay at least half the expenses, and if they increase in the same 
ratio in depth, which we have every reason to expect, will soon 
pay a handsome profit. 

The quantity of water in the vein will be quite sufficient for 
the supply of a powerful engine and the dressing of the ores. 

F. A. GENTH. 

Philadelphia, June 23, 1859. 


PROFESSOR HAEUSSER’S REPORT. 

Baltimore, Feb. 10, 1860. 

E. G. FERINE, Esq., 

24 South St., Baltimore. 

Sir :—Agreeably to your request, I have made a geological 
examination of the Cambridge mine, Guilford county, N. C., 
and I herewith transmit you the results of mv observations. 

The Cambridge mine embraces 192 acres, all under fence, 
with the exception of about 25 acres of timbered land. The 

shape of the land is an oblong square ; from east to west it is 

- 

half a mile, from north to south 1-3 of a mile in extent. 

The mine is located within half a mile of the N. C. Central 
R. R., and close to the county road, from Greensboro to James¬ 
town. It is 4 miles from Jamestown, 7 miles from Greensboro 

0 

and 1^ miles from the Gardner Mine The land produces fine 
fruit, corn, wheat, cotton and grass, and has several fine springs 
upon it. 



9 


The machinery at the Mine is all new, very complete, has 
been put up and arranged in a highly satisfactory manner, and 
will work the mine for some years. 

There is a sufficient and never-failing supply cf water for 
dressing purposes, engine, &c., and the distribution of the water 
for the dressing machinery, has been arranged in a very prac¬ 
tical and efficient manner. 

The engine house covers 70 feet square. There are two boil¬ 
ers, each 36 feet long, and 30 inches in diameter. These two 
boilers use only 1 cord of wood in 12 hours. The engine is of 
30 horse power, but can be worked to 40. It is capable of de¬ 
veloping the mine to a depth of 400 feet. 

The crushers are 20 inches in diameter, and are represented 
as being capable of crushing 15 tons of ore in 12 hours. 

The pumps are 7 inches in diameter and work well. 

A few remarks about the buildings : 

There are two boarding places on the premises, which will 
accommodate 10 boarders each; 3 other cabins for families, 
an office, store room, blacksmith-shop, coal-house, stables for 
six horses; then the plantation house with six rooms, and a 
large chamber, stable, barn, outside kitchen, milkhouse and 
smokehouse. 

The shaft and the engine house are located in a depression of 
the ground. 

The shaft is sunk perpendicular to a depth of 84 feet, thence 
14 feet more on the slope of the vein. The vein was struck in 
the shaft at a depth of 75 feet, and has there a very good ap¬ 
pearance. 

At 84 feet two levels have been driven on the vein, as illus¬ 
trated in the annexed ground plan. 


10 



The N. level A runs N. 40° E. and has been carried on for 
43 feet. 

The S. level B has been driven 61 feet in a direction S. 20° 
W. and thence 32 feet in a direction S. 13° W. 

The total amount of underground work done is : 

0 . i • I 84 feet perpendicular. 

S i 14 feet on the slope. 

Drifting—139 feet. 


I 


11 


Character of the vein .—The out-crop of the vein can be traced 
from the southern boundary line to the northern one. The 
main line of bearing is N. 35° E., with the exception of that 
part which has been cut in the S. W. level, and which strikes 
from N. 12° E. to N. 20° E. At the engine-house the out-crop 
of the vein disappears for a short distance beneath the rocks, 
(pitches below the slates,) but farther on, in a N. E. direction, 
the out-crop is re-appearing and can be traced beyond the bound¬ 
ary line of the property. The out-crop shows the usual char¬ 
acteristics of auriferous and cupriferous quartz veins. 


HOUSE 



'CABIN 


• » » 














12 


The principal gangue of the vein is quartz, which is imbedding 
masses of chalybite, which are gradually disappearing towards 
a greater depth. The ores occur imbedded in the quartz ; they 
are principally copper pyrites, (very pure,) iron pyrites, carbo¬ 
nate of copper, copper-glance, silicate of copper, metallic cop¬ 
per, (rarely in the out-crop.) Occasionally, but rarely, Barn- 
hardite occurs, an ore which contains 46 per cent, of copper and 
which has not been found at any of the other copper mines in 
the neighborhood of the Cambridge mine. Of the copper ores 
mentioned, copper pyrites will be the predominating and most 
important ore of the mine, the other ores occurring only in very 
subordinate proportions. 

A vein of such a description can be worked with profit when 
the proportion of quartz to the imbedded ores is such that the 
ores can be concentrated with a reasonable expense. 

The vein at the Cambridge Mine, at a depth of 84 feet, is not 
in a condition to be worked with profit, for the reason that the 
quartz predominates too much over the copper ores. The lat¬ 
ter are too much scattered through the quartz. The question 
arises : 

Is it reasonable to suppose the copper ores to concentrate 
gradually towards a greater depth ? 

In my opinion the concentration will certainly take place. 
The reasons are the following: 

1. The vein is a regular one. 

2. The walls in the N. E. level, at a depth of 84 feet, where 
the vein shows its regularity remarkably well, are very regu¬ 
lar, the dip of the foot-wall being nearly uniformly at 49° and 
that of the hanging wall at 50° to the S. E. 

3. The geological nature of the wall-rocks is favorable. The 
foot-wall rock is a distinctly stratified quartzose slate, and the 
hanging wall rock a regularly laminated feldspathic slate and 
talcose slate. The unfavorable aspect of the vein in the S. W. 
level is owing to the disturbance which the rocks here have 
experienced; it is indicated on the surface by a considerable 
depression in the ground. One hundred feet deeper, these dis¬ 
turbances at this locality will have disappeared entirely, or 
they will be at least of a very subordinate nature. 



13 


In order to develop the Cambridge Mine, it is necessary to 
sink deeper with the view of striking the vein at those points 
where the copper ores are sufficiently concentrated in the quartz 
to allow successful and profitable mining. I should propose to 
sink the present pump shaft from the 84 feet level, 100 feet 
deeper, (14 feet are sunk already.) The sinking expenses will 
amount to $16.00 per foot, or to $1,600 for 100 feet. Allowing 
$200 for contingencies, the total expenses will amount to not 
over $1,800. 

There are at the mine 10 feet of'pump yet, so that hut 30 feet 
more are required to carry the shaft down to the proposed 
depth. 

2. Having sunk 100 feet deeper, I should propose to drive 
levels on the vein, in a N. E. and 8. W. direction. 

When the levels have been driven to some distance from the 
shaft, the ground should be extensively prepared for taking out 
large quantities of ore. 

As snon as these preparatory works are finished, I am of opin¬ 
ion that copper ores can be raised in such quantities, that they 
will not only cover all expenses of the mine, but yield a hand¬ 
some profit to the owners. 

In my opinion a capital of $5,000 will be fully sufficient to 
attain the objects proposed. 

Respectfully yours, 

ERNEST HAEUSSER, 

Geologist. 


f 


14 


O O DP "ST - 

AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE CAMBRIDGE 

COPPER COMPANY. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State 
of North Carolina, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of 
the same, 

That James Sloan, James Fitz James, William Plalsey, and 
Burr Higgins, and their associates, successors and assigns, are 
hereby created and constituted a body politic and corporate, by 
the name and style and title of the Cambridge Copper Com¬ 
pany, for the purpose of working, mining and exploring for 
Gold, Copper, and all other metals and minerals, and for 
mining, vending, smelting and working the same ; and for 
working and manufacturing; and by that name may sue and 
be sued, plead and be impleaded, appear, prosecute and defend, 
in any court of law or equity whatsoever, in all suits and ac¬ 
tions; may have a common seal and the same alter at pleasure, 
and may enjoy all the privileges and powers incident to mining, 
smelting and manufacturing corporations ; and may also pur¬ 
chase, hold and convey any real and personal property or estate, 
as capital stock to the amount of one million of dollars. 

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted , That the said corporation may 
divide their stock into such number of shares, and provide for 
the sale and transfer thereof, in such manner and form as said 
corporation shall from time to time deem expedient, and may 
levy and collect assessments, forfeit and sell delinquent shares 
in such manner as the By-laws may direct, and shall issue scrip 
for the shares of stock, and each share shall entitle the holder 
thereof to one vote in meetings of stockholders; and also said 
corporation shall have power to enact and pass all such By¬ 
laws and regulations as they may deem necessary, not repug¬ 
nant to the laws of this State and of the United States. 

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted , That it shall be lawful for the 
corporation to be managed by three or five directors, who shall 


15 


have power to fill vacancies in their own body, shall continue 
in office until others are elected or appointed ; and also to exer¬ 
cise all such rights as by this act is conferred and granted; but 
the stockholders shall have the right to elect said directors 
annually. One of whom shall be an actual resident of this 
State. 

Sec. 4. Be it further enacted , That the aforesaid James Sloan, 
Win. Halsey, James Fitz James, and Burr Higgins, shall man¬ 
age the affairs of said corporation as directors, until others are 
elected or appointed, shall meet and organize by choosing from 
their own body a President, and appoint a Secretary and other 
employees, make such By-laws as for the time being they shall 
deem expedient, and may then proceed to business. 

Sec. 5. Be it further enacted , That this corporation shall exist 
for sixty years, and this act be in force from its passage. 


Read three times and rati¬ 
fied in General Assembly this 
16th day of February, 1859. 


THOS. SETTLE, Jr., S. H. C. 
HENRY T. CLARK, S. S. 


STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, 

Office of Secretary of State. 

I, Rufus H. Page, Secretary of State, in and for the State of 
North Carolina, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true 
copy of the original on file in this office. 

Given under my hand, this 25th day of February, 1859. 

RUFUS H. PAGE, 
Secretary of State. 


Office of the Cambridge Copper Company, > 
Guilford Co., North Carolina , Sept. 28, 1859. ) 

I, James Fitz James, Secretary of the Cambridge Copper 
Company, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of 
the charter of this Company, now in my possession. 

JAMES FITZ JAMES, 

s. c. a Co. 























































































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